From the perspective of the development of China's PVC industry, since China became the world's largest PVC producer in 2003, the industry has entered a very fast growth period and has been maintained until now.

The data shows that the trend of rapid expansion of PVC in China in the next few years is still strong.

It is worth paying close attention that the data provided by China Chlor-Alkali Industry Association shows that in 2010-2012, more than 1 million tons of new production capacity will be planned every year. In 2009, the average annual operating rate of PVC is only about 50%. When the monthly operating rate is good, it is 60%-70%. When it is poor, it is still less than 50%. "If there are so many new production capacity, there will be a series of serious problems for the development of this industry." Li Jun, Chairman of China Chlor-Alkali Industry Association and Chairman of Shanghai Chlor-Alkali Chemical Co., Ltd., said that he has experienced international finance. With the impact of the crisis, the profitability of the entire industry fell from 10 billion yuan to 2 billion yuan in 2009, almost returning to the 2003 level. This shows that in the high-speed development of the PVC industry, the industry's resistance to risks and profitability are not stable.

Low industrial concentration

The data shows that last year, the output of PVC manufacturers was 4.43 million tons, and there were about 106 manufacturing enterprises in the entire industry, and the total output was 9.15 million tons. The output of the top 10 production enterprises only accounted for less than 50% of the level. It shows that the current concentration of PVC industry is still relatively low.

High energy consumption is another issue facing the PVC industry. The power consumption of polyvinyl chloride produced by the acetylene process in China is very high. In 2009, the country introduced a differential electricity price policy, which rose by 2.8 cents per kilowatt-hour. Based on this rise, the domestic PVC industry’s incremental cost is about 2.4 billion yuan. Li Jun predicts that the gradual adjustment of electricity prices will exert pressure on the development of the PVC industry, especially the calcium carbide production enterprises in the northwest region.

In addition, the unreasonable industrial layout also restricts the development of PVC. It is understood that in 2009, 82% of the domestic production of calcium carbide and 32% of PVC were produced in the western regions of Gansu, plus the central region. Almost all the calcium carbide and half of the acetylene PVC production were in the Midwest. In the region, but in the central and western regions, PVC consumption accounts for less than 30% of total production. On the contrary, the consumption of PVC is mainly concentrated in eastern coastal areas such as East China and South China, and there are certain problems in the industrial layout of the PVC industry.

Structural adjustment becomes an inevitable choice

In view of the low concentration of PVC industry and the unreasonable industrial layout, Li Jun said that developed countries have many good experiences that are worth learning from. Li Jun believes that the PVC industry itself can be integrated, and different companies and different regions can effectively share and redistribute resources. In recent years, the pace of PVC consolidation has accelerated significantly. With the acceleration of integration and the effective use of industry resources, the sustainable development capacity of the PVC industry has gradually increased.

In addition, increase investment in science and technology to promote industrial upgrading; adhere to clean production, adhere to the development of low-carbon economy; strengthen the industry's self-discipline constraints and technological progress is also an effective way to solve the current development of the PVC industry. Li Jun said that domestic PVC enterprises can no longer expand by 2 million tons and 3 million tons each year. Now they do not need the value-added of the industry, no shortage of plans and plans, and what is missing now is supervision, assessment, technological progress and technological innovation.

Jet Pipe

The jet water pipe is part of Trailing suction hopper Dredger, work together with Suction Pipe, through suction pipe, from the seabed dredging ship, the dredging method is similar to a vacuum cleaner. Ship fitted with one or several pumps, centrifugal pumps suck up water from the sea floor and mud, into the hopper of the ship. These operations are carried out during the voyage , while digging edge flight, heading for the hopper filled to throw mud mud area, through the mud bilge cases out the door. shiploads are trailing suction hopper with its capacity to indicate the size specifications, the general compartment volume is 500 ~ 1000m3. the minimum energy of trailing suction boat under construction in water depths of about 3 conditions deepened the largest trailing suction ship up to 3 to 35 or more. this ship belongs to the trailing suction ship, dredging can be considerable in the storm at sea, navigation and throwing mud. The jet pipe can clean the dirty material from sea

Basic introduction

Any pipeline used to make the gas flow down the growth rate is called the nozzle, there are two kinds of commonly used in thermal power nozzle: one is the gradual shrink nozzle, the other is a convergent divergent nozzle, or Lawal nozzle.

In the jet engine, high pressure gas (or air) is converted into kinetic energy, so that the air flow in which the expansion of the acceleration of high speed outward jet to produce the reverse thrust of the component, also known as exhaust nozzle, thrust nozzle or tail nozzle. There are many types of nozzle, such as fixed or adjustable convergent divergent nozzle, convergent divergent nozzle, ejector nozzle and plug nozzle. High-speed fighter mostly adopts adjustable convergent nozzle and adjustable convergence diffusion nozzle and ejector nozzle; rocket engine fixed convergent divergent nozzle; vertical or short takeoff and landing aircraft by converting nozzle.

The ratio of total pressure at the inlet of the nozzle and the static pressure at the outlet is called the nozzle pressure ratio, the expansion ratio or the pressure ratio. Convergent divergent nozzle exit area and critical section area (the minimum cross section area of over expansion area ratio, known as the area ratio of the nozzle. When the gas stream is expanded to the static pressure of the nozzle exit exactly equal to the atmospheric pressure, known as fully expanded nozzle, its performance best when the flow in the nozzle exit static pressure is greater than the outside atmospheric pressure, said is not fully expanded nozzle, the pressure of the gas flow can not fully converted to kinetic energy. When the static pressure at the nozzle exit is lower than that of the external pressure, it is called the over expansion nozzle.

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