Researchers develop new gravitational wave detectors with high sensitivity
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A year ago, people first detected gravitational waves directly. From the Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (AEI, Albert Einstein Institute), as well as from the Leibniz University Hanover, and laser experts from the Hannover Laser Centers (LZH) played a major role in this discovery. The role, because they use the core instruments of the US laser interference gravitational wave observatory with ultra-precision laser technology to detect weak gravitational wave signals.
The Max Planck Society has also strengthened the development of laser systems for third-generation gravitational wave detectors. The Einstein Institute cooperates with the Hannover Laser Center and plans to invest 3.75 million euros in research funding for the development of the new laser Zentrum in the next five years. The Hannover Research Center has received more than 3.75 million euros in research funding for the next five years. New lasers and research to improve their stabilization methods.
"We have made important breakthroughs," said Professor Benno Willke, head of the Laser Development Group at Einstein Institute. "Our work is to further study another type of new laser beam used in interferometric gravitational wave detectors. In addition, we have demonstrated how to improve power stability, the stability of high-power lasers used in detectors. This is an important step in the study of gravitational waves in the future of astronomy," said the study's results published in the famous scientific journal Optical Express and received editorial attention.
More homogenized laser beam The beam of the gravitational wave detector of all laser systems currently used has a higher intensity at the center than at the edges. This will lead to a problem of measurement accuracy of the gravitational wave detector that is not expected to be caused by the fluctuation of the mirror surface. This so-called thermal noise can be improved by a more uniform laser intensity distribution.
In 2013, the research team demonstrated how to obtain a more uniform high power laser beam and create the so-called LG33 mode. Now that Andreas Noack has completed his master's thesis, Benno Willke's team is trying to apply these laser beams to future gravitational wave detectors.
The first step into the detector is a device called a predictive mode cleaner that optimizes the beam profile and reduces beam jitter. Willke's team found that the new LG33 beam is compatible with the currently used predictive cleaning mode. The researchers also showed how to solve this problem. They developed a new pre-cleaning mode that is compatible with the LG33 laser mode.
"The design of next-generation gravitational wave detectors has not yet been completed," said Willke. "So, we are testing different types of lasers and found as many options as possible to implement new gravitational wave detectors. With the LG33 laser beam, we have now taken a big step forward."
Improve the stability of the laser emission power for the detection of new gravitational waves All of the interferometric gravitational wave detectors like LIGO, VIRGO and GEO600 rely on laser systems and need to maintain their high output power within one year of stability. The fluctuation on the time scale is very small. Benno Willke's research team has a world-leading position in this research area. They established the laser system GEO600 and advanced LIGO. Without such equipment, the first direct detection of gravitational waves in September 2015 was impossible.
Now, Jonas Junker's master's study in Willke's team has further refined the existing power stability system. A portion of the laser beam is removed, enabling multiple distributed detectors to accurately determine the total power. If it changes, the main laser power is corrected accordingly. In their experiments, scientists have expanded the current system. In addition, another photodetector can also control and correct the direction of the laser beam.
In the Einstein Institute, the improved power stabilization scheme has been successfully applied to a 10-meter prototype interferometer for a 35-watt laser system. The prototype was modeled and tested by Hannover researchers for the third generation of detector technology, and quantum mechanical effects were studied in these instruments. The power stability is five times higher than comparable experiments in other groups. This result is in good agreement with the results of an independent desktop experiment.
“The experiment performed in an optical laboratory outside the isolated environment is completely different from the complex large-scale experiment with a 10-meter prototype. We first discovered that it can be transferred from the level of stability of a desktop experiment,†said Willke. Say. "We have found that these photodiode arrays work as expected, which means that it should also be able to be used in the same multi-detector array for advanced LIGOs and achieve this high stability."
(Original title: New laser technology that enables more sensitive gravitational wave detectors)
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